Is Kava (Piper methysticum) Legal in Hawaii? (2026)

Instrument

GRAS Determination; 'Awa as a Dietary Supplement; Consumer Advisory

Source

https://health.hawaii.gov/food-drug/files/2024/01/DOH-GRAS-Determination-for-Awa.pdf

Retrieved

2026-10-28

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GRAS Determination
The articles and examples cited above are a small sample of the many references that
document and describe a substantial history of consumption, by a significant number of
consumers, of the ‘awa beverage in Hawai‘i. Notably, the articles referenced in this
memorandum specific to Hawai‘i, documenting and describing the common use of ‘awa, were
all published prior to January 1, 1958.

DOH concludes that the use of the noble variety of ‘awa root, mixed with water or coconut
water to make a beverage through aqueous extraction, as comporting with the substance and
intent of the exception detailed in 21 CFR §170.30(c)(1) and determines ‘awa to be GRAS
under those specific set of circumstances consistent with §11-29-8(a), HAR. Consequently,
‘awa root of the noble variety as a food additive for use in a beverage prepared in this specific,
traditional, and customary manner shall not be deemed a violation of chapter 328, HRS,
provided that all other relevant federal and state food safety laws are satisfied.

‘Awa as a Dietary Supplement
Any ‘awa, including the noble variety, in the form of a dietary ingredient in a dietary
supplement, falls under the requirements of the federal Dietary Supplement Health Education
Act and may only be offered in its packaged form identifying it as a dietary supplement. All
dietary supplements can only be manufactured, processed, or packaged (and must be labeled
as a dietary supplement) in a facility registered under the U.S. FDA. ‘Awa as a dietary
supplement is not permitted to be used as an ingredient or component of a conventional food
item, including but not limited to teas, smoothies, or other beverages. A facility that mixes ‘awa
as a supplement with a food or beverage may be cited by DOH under chapter 328, HRS.

Any other preparation of ‘awa, or the use of any other variety of ‘awa, will be considered an
adulterated food and/or an unapproved food additive by DOH pursuant to §328-9, HRS, and a
violation of chapter 11-29, HAR, and/or chapter 11–50, HAR, unless the elements of 21 CFR
§170.30 can be satisfied.

Consumer Advisory
Despite finding ‘awa, as a food additive introduced into water or coconut water and prepared in
the traditional and customary manner, to be GRAS pursuant to the applicable regulations, U.S.
FDA research suggests a possible toxicological risk associated with its consumption or with its
consumption combined with other contributing factors (e.g., alcohol) and there is concern
about interference with other medications. There appears to be no scientific consensus at this
time, but ‘awa has been linked to liver failure, as summarized in the U.S. FDA memorandum,

GRAS Determination for ‘Awa
January 23, 2024
Page 6

“Review of the published literature pertaining to the safety of Kava for use in conventional
foods” (See Attachment B).

With the understanding that the concentration of kavalactones can vary depending on
preparation methodology, and also recognizing that individuals can react differently to similar
concentrations of the same compounds, DOH recommends posting or providing the following
consumer advisory statement:

“Please be advised that ‘awa/kava should not be used by persons under 18 years of
age, or by pregnant or breastfeeding women. ‘Awa/kava should not be used with
alcoholic beverages. If taking medication, consultation with your doctor prior to ‘awa
consumption is strongly advised. Excessive use, or use with products that cause
drowsiness, may impair your ability to operate a vehicle or heavy equipment. A potential
risk of rare, but severe, liver injury may be associated with ‘awa/kava-containing dietary
supplements.”

Instrument

HRS 329-14 (Schedule I), subsection (d) hallucinogenic substances

Source

https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol06_Ch0321-0344/HRS0329/HRS_0329-0014.htm

Retrieved

2026-10-08

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§329-14 Schedule I. (a) The controlled substances listed in this section are included in schedule I. (b) Opiates. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of these isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: (1) Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylacetamide); (2) Acetylmethadol; (3) Acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide), its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers; (4) Acryl fentanyl [N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide] (Other name: acryloylfentanyl); (5) AH-7921 (3,4-dichloro-N-[(1-dimethylamino)cyclohexylmethyl]benzamide); (6) Allylprodine; (7) Alphacetylmethadol (except levo-alphacetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate, or LAAM); (8) Alphameprodine; (9) Alphamethadol; (10) Alpha'-methyl butyryl fentanyl (2-methyl-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide); (11) Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl)ethyl-4-piperidyl]propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido)piperidine); (12) Alpha-methylthiofentanyl (N-[1-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide); (13) Benzethidine; (14) Benzylfentanyl (N-[1-benzyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide), its optical isomers, salts, and salts of isomers; (15) Betacetylmethadol; (16) Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide); (17) Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide); (18) Beta-hydroxythiofentanyl (N-[1-[2-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]-N-phenylpropionamide); (19) Betameprodine; (20) Betamethadol; (21) Beta-methyl fentanyl (N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylpropyl)piperidin-4-yl)propionamide) (Other name: [beta]-methyl fentanyl); (22) Beta'-phenyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,3-diphenylpropanamide) (Other names: [beta]'-phenyl fentanyl; 3-phenylpropanoyl fentanyl); (23) Betaprodine; (24) Brorphine (1-(1-(1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one); (25) Butonitazene (2-(2-(4-butoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-N,N-diethylethan-1-amine); (26) Butyryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutyramide); (27) Clonitazene; (28) Crotonyl fentanyl ((E)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbut-2-enamide); (29) Cyclopentyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylcyclopentanecarboxamide); (30) Cyclopropyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide); (31) Dextromoramide; (32) Diampromide; (33) Diethylthiambutene; (34) Difenoxin; (35) Dimenoxadol; (36) Dimepheptanol; (37) 2',5'-dimethoxyfentanyl (N-(1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide); (38) Dimethylthiambutene; (39) Dioxaphetyl butyrate; (40) Dipipanone; (41) Ethylmethylthiambutene; (42) Etodesnitazene (2-(2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-N,N-diethylethan-1-amine) (Other name: etazene); (43) Etonitazene; (44) Etoxeridine; (45) Fentanyl carbamate (ethyl (1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)(phenyl)carbamate); (46) Flunitazene (N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine); (47) 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl [N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide] (Other name: para-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl); (48) 2'-fluoro ortho-fluorofentanyl (N-(1-(2-fluorophenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)propionamide) (Other name: 2'-fluoro 2-fluorofentanyl); (49) Furanyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-y1)-N-phenylfuran-2-carboxamide); (50) 3-furanyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylfuran-3-carboxamide); (51) Furethidine; (52) Hydroxypethidine; (53) Isobutyryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylisobutyramide); (54) Isotonitazene (N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-isopropoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine); (55) Isovaleryl fentanyl (3-methyl-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide); (56) Ketobemidone; (57) Levomoramide; (58) Levophenacylmorphan; (59) Meta-fluorofentanyl (N-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide); (60) Meta-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (N-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide); (61) Methoxyacetyl fentanyl (2-methoxy-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide); (62) 2-methyl AP-237 (1-(2-methyl-4-(3-phenylprop-2-en-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butan-1-one); (63) 4'-methyl acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-(4-methylphenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide); (64) 3-methylfentanyl (N-[3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide); (65) 3-methylthiofentanyl (N-[3-methyl-1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide); (66) Metodesnitazene (N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine); (67) Metonitazene (N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine); (68) Morpheridine; (69) MPPP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine); (70) MT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine); (71) Noracymethadol; (72) Norlevorphanol; (73) Normethadone; (74) Norpipanone; (75) N-pyrrolidino etonitazene (2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-benzimidazole) (Other name: etonitazepyne); (76) Ocfentanil [N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide]; (77) Ortho-fluoroacryl fentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acrylamide); (78) Ortho-fluorobutyryl fentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide) (Other name: 2-fluorobutyryl fentanyl); (79) Ortho-fluorofentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide) (Other name: 2-fluorofentanyl); (80) Ortho-fluorofuranyl fentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide); (81) Ortho-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide); (82) Ortho-methyl acetylfentanyl (N-(2-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide) (Other name: 2-methyl acetylfentanyl); (83) Ortho-methyl methoxyacetyl fentanyl (2-methoxy-N-(2-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide) (Other name: 2-methyl methoxyacetyl fentanyl); (84) Para-chloroisobutyryl fentanyl (N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide); (85) Para-fluorobutyryl fentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide); (86) Para-fluorofentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]propanamide); (87) Para-fluoro furanyl fentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide); (88) Para-methoxybutyryl fentanyl (N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide); (89) Para-methoxyfuranyl fentanyl (N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide); (90) Para-methylcyclopropyl fentanyl (N-(4-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide); (91) Para-methylfentanyl (N-(4-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide) (Other name: 4-methylfentanyl); (92) PEPAP (1-(-2-phenethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine); (93) Phenadoxone; (94) Phenampromide; (95) Phenomorphan; (96) Phenoperidine; (97) Phenyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbenzamide) (Other name: benzoyl fentanyl); (98) Piritramide; (99) Proheptazine; (100) Properidine; (101) Propiram; (102) Protonitazene (N,N-diethyl-2-(5-nitro-2-(4-propoxybenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine); (103) Racemoramide; (104) Tetrahydrofuranyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide); (105) Thenylfentanyl (N-[1-(2-thienyl)methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide), its optical isomers, salts, and salts of isomers; (106) Thiofentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-propanamide); (107) Thiofuranyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylthiophene-2-carboxamide) (Other names: 2-thiofuranyl fentanyl; thiophene fentanyl); (108) Tilidine; (109) Trimeperidine; (110) U-47700 (3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide); and (111) Valeryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpentanamide). (c) Any of the following opium derivatives, their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: (1) Acetorphine; (2) Acetyldihydrocodeine; (3) Benzylmorphine; (4) Codeine methylbromide; (5) Codeine-N-Oxide; (6) Cyprenorphine; (7) Desomorphine; (8) Dihydromorphine; (9) Drotebanol; (10) Etorphine; (11) Heroin; (12) Hydromorphinol; (13) Methyldesorphine; (14) Methyldihydromorphine; (15) Morphine methylbromide; (16) Morphine methylsulfonate; (17) Morphine-N-Oxide; (18) Myrophine; (19) Nicocodeine; (20) Nicomorphine; (21) Normorphine; (22) Phoclodine; and (23) Thebacon. (d) Hallucinogenic substances. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: (1) Alpha-ethyltryptamine (AET); (2) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET); (3) 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA); (4) 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine; (5) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); (6) N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (N-hydroxy-MDA); (7) 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDE); (8) 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine; (9) 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine (4-bromo-2,5-DMA); (10) 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (Nexus); (11) 3,4,5-trimethoxy amphetamine; (12) Bufotenine; (13) 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA); (14) Diethyltryptamine; (15) Dimethyltryptamine; (16) 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine; (17) Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) (some other names include gamma hydroxybutyric acid; 4-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybutanoic acid; sodium oxybate; sodium oxybutyrate); (18) Ibogaine; (19) Lysergic acid diethylamide; (20) Marijuana; (21) Parahexyl; (22) Mescaline; (23) Peyote; (24) N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate; (25) N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate; (26) Psilocybin; (27) Psilocyn; (28) 1-[1-(2-Thienyl) cyclohexyl] Pyrrolidine (TCPy); (29) Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine (PCE); (30) Pyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine (PCPy, PHP); (31) Thiophene analog of phencyclidine (TPCP; TCP); (32) Gamma-butyrolactone, including butyrolactone; butyrolactone gamma; 4-butyrolactone; 2(3H)-furanone dihydro; dihydro-2(3H)furanone; tetrahydro-2-furanone; 1,2-butanolide; 1,4-butanolide; 4-butanolide; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone; 3-hydroxybutyric acid lactone and 4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone with Chemical Abstract Service number 96-48-0 when any such substance is intended for human ingestion; (33) 1,4 butanediol, including butanediol; butane-1,4-diol; 1,4- butylenes glycol; butylene glycol; 1,4-dihydroxybutane; 1,4- tetramethylene glycol; tetramethylene glycol; tetramethylene 1,4- diol with Chemical Abstract Service number 110-63-4 when any such substance is intended for human ingestion; (34) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), its optical isomers, salts, and salts of isomers; (35) N-benzylpiperazine (BZP; 1-benzylpiperazine), its optical isomers, salts, and salts of isomers; (36) 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP), its optical isomers, salts, and salts of isomers; (37) Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT); (38) 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT); (39) Salvia divinorum; (40) Salvinorin A; (41) Divinorin A; (42) 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (some trade or other names: 5-methoxy-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole; 5-MeO-DMT); (43) 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-E); (44) 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-D); (45) 2-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-C); (46) 2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-I); (47) 2-[4-(Ethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-2); (48) 2-[4-(Isopropylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-4); (49) 2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-H); (50) 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)ethanamine (2C-N); (51) 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-P); (52) 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 25I-NBOMe; 2C-I-NBOMe; 25I; Cimbi-5); (53) 2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 25C-NBOMe; 2C-C-NBOMe; 25C; Cimbi-82); (54) 2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 25B-NBOMe; 2C-B-NBOMe; 25B; Cimbi-36); (55) N-ethylhexedrone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: [alpha]-ethylaminohexanophenone; 2-(ethylamino)-1-phenylhexan-1-one); (56) Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: [alpha]-PHP; [alpha]-pyrrolidinohexanophenone; 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one); (57) 4-methyl-alpha-ethylaminopentiophenone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 4-MEAP; 2-(ethylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)pentan-1-one); (58) 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: MPHP; 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone; 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one); (59) Alpha-pyrrolidinoheptaphenone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: PV8; 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)heptan-1-one); (60) 4'-chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 4-chloro-[alpha]-PVP; 4'-chloro-[alpha]-pyrrolidinopentiophenone; 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one); (61) 2-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (methoxetamine, MXE); (62) Eutylone (1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)butan-1-one) (Other name: bk-EBDB); (63) Zipeprol (1-methoxy-3-[4-(2-methoxy-2-phenylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-phenylpropan-2-ol), including its isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters and ethers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation; (64) (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (UR-144); (65) [1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-1 H -indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (5-fluoro-UR-144, XLR11); (66) N -(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1 H -indazole-3-carboxamide (Other name: ADB-FUBINACA); (67) Methyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1 H -indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (Other names: MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMINACA); (68) Methyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (Other name: MDMB-FUBINACA); and (69) N-ethylpentylone (Other names: ephylone, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one). (e) Depressants. Unless specifically excepted, the schedule shall include any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the substance: (1) Mecloqualone; (2) Methaqualone; (3) Etizolam (including its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers, where possible); or (4) Flualprazolam (including its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers, where possible). (f) Stimulants. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers: (1) Amineptine (7-[(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)amino]heptanoic acid); (2) Aminorex; (3) Cathinone; (4) 4,4'-dimethylaminorex (common name: 4,4'-DMAR); (5) Ethylphenidate (ethyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate); (6) Fenethylline; (7) Mesocarb (N-phenyl-N' -(3-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1,2,3-oxadiazol-3-ium-5-yl)carbamimidate); (8) Methcathinone; (9) Methiopropamine (N-methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-amine); (10) 4-methylaminorex; (11) N-ethylamphetamine; (12) N,N-dimethylamphetamine; (13) Substituted cathinones, any compound, except bupropion or compounds listed under a different schedule, structurally derived from 2-aminopropan-1-one by substitution at the 1-position with either phenyl, naphthyl, or thiophene ring systems, whether or not the compound is further modified in any of the following ways: (A) By substitution in the ring system to any extent with alkyl, alkylenedioxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, or halide substituents, whether or not further substituted in the ring system by one or more other univalent substituents; (B) By substitution at the 3-position with an acyclic alkyl substituent; or (C) By substitution at the 2-amino nitrogen atom with alkyl, dialkyl, benzyl, or methoxybenzyl groups, or by inclusion of the 2-amino nitrogen atom in a cyclic structure. Some other trade names: Mephedrone (2-methylamino-1-p-tolylpropan-1-one), also known as 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC), methylephedrone or MMCAT; Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV, MDPK); methylone or 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone; and 1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)propan-1-one, monohydrochloride, also known as Ethylone, bk-MDEA hydrochloride, MDEC; 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylcathinone; bk-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, 4-methyl-N-ethylcathinone (4-MEC); 4-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-MePPP); alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone ([alpha]-PVP); 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)butan-1-one (butylone, bk-MBDB e); 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpentan-1-one (pentedrone); 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)pentan-1-one (pentylone, bk-MBDP); 4-fluoro-N-methylcathinone (4-FMC, flephedrone); 3-fluoro-N-methylcathinone (3-FMC); 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (naphyrone); alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone ([alpha]-PBP) and their optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible; and (14) 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine (Other names: para-methoxymethamphetamine; PMMA). (g) Cannabinoids. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following cannabinoids, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: (1) Tetrahydrocannabinols ; meaning tetrahydrocannabinols naturally contained in a plant of the genus Cannabis (cannabis plant), as well as synthetic equivalents of the substances contained in the plant, or in the resinous extractives of Cannabis, sp. or synthetic substances, derivatives, and their isomers with similar chemical structure and pharmacological activity to those substances contained in the plant, such as the following: Delta 1 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers; Delta 6 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers; and Delta 3,4 cis or trans-tetrahydrocannabinol, and its optical isomers (since nomenclature of these substances is not internationally standardized, compounds of these structures, regardless of numerical designation of atomic positions, are covered); (2) Naphthoylindoles; meaning any compound containing a 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent; (3) Naphthylmethylindoles; meaning any compound containing a 1H-indol-3-yl-(1-naphthyl) methane structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl) methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl) ethyl group whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent; (4) Naphthoylpyrroles; meaning any compound containing a 3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl) ethyl group whether or not further substituted in the pyrrole ring to any extent, whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent; (5) Naphthylmethylindenes; meaning any compound containing a naphthylideneindene structure with substitution at the 3-position of the indene ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl) methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl) ethyl group whether or not further substituted in the indene ring to any extent, whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent; (6) Phenylacetylindoles; meaning any compound containing a 3-phenylacetylindole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl , alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl) methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl) ethyl group whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent, whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent; (7) Cyclohexylphenols ; meaning any compound containing a 2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl) phenol structure with substitution at the 5-position of the phenolic ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl) methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl) ethyl group whether or not substituted in the cyclohexyl ring to any extent; (8) Benzoylindoles; meaning any compound containing a 3-( benzoyl ) indole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl) methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl) ethyl group whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent; (9) [2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1, 4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (another trade name is WIN 55,212-2); (10) (6a,10a)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6, 6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol (Other trade names are: HU-210/HU-211); (11) Tetramethylcyclopropanoylindoles; meaning any compound containing a 3-tetramethylcyclopropanoylindole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or tetrahydropyranylmethyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the tetramethylcyclopropyl ring to any extent; (12) N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: APINACA, AKB48); (13) Quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: PB-22; QUPIC); (14) Quinolin-8-yl 1-(5fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 5-fluoro-PB-22; 5F-PB-22); (15) N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: AB-FUBINACA); (16) N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: ADB-PINACA); (17) N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: AB-CHMINACA); (18) N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: AB-PINACA); (19) [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: THJ-2201); (20) Methyl (1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl)-L-valinate, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: FUB-AMB, M ethyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate, MMB-FUBINACA, AMB-FUBINACA ); (21) (S)-methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 5-fluoro-AMB, 5-fluoro-AMP); (22) N-((3s,5s,7s)-adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: AKB48 N-(5-fluoropentyl) analog, 5F-AKB48, APINACA 5-fluoropentyl analog, 5F-APINACA); (23) N-adamantyl-1-fluoropentylindole-3-Carboxamide, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: STS-135, 5F-APICA; 5-fluoro-APICA); (24) Naphthalen-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: NM2201; CBL2201); (25) N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: MAB-CHMINACA and ADB-CHMINACA); (26) Methyl 2-[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (Other names: 5F-ADB, 5-fluoro-ADB, and 5F-MDMB-PINACA), its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers; (27) 1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: SGT-78; 4-CN-CUMYL BINACA; 4-CN-CUMYL-BUTINACA; CUMYL-CB-PINACA; CUMYL-CYBINACA; 4-cyano-CUMYL-BUTINACA; CUMYL-4CN-BINACA); (28) N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (Other name: 5F-AB-PINACA); (29) Methyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate (Other names: MMB-CHMICA; AMB-CHMICA); (30) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide (Other names: 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA); (31) Methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA); (32) Ethyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (Other name: 5F-EDMB-PINACA); (33) Methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (Other names: 5F-MDMB-PICA; 5F-MDMB-2201); (34) N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (Other names: FUB-AKB48; FUB-APINACA; AKB48 N-(4-FLUOROBENZYL)); (35) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (Other names: 5F-CUMYL-PINACA; SGT-25); and (36) (1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (Other name: FUB-144). [L 1972, c 10, pt of §1; am L 1974, c 217, §1; am L 1977, c 116, §1; am L 1978, c 68, §2; am L 1979, c 194, §1; am L 1980, c 140, §1 and c 232, §16; am L 1984, c 166, §1; am L 1985, c 150, §1; am L 1986, c 214, §§2, 3; am L 1988, c 59, §1; am L 1990, c 138, §3; am L 1993, c 8, §1; am L 1995, c 122, §1; am L 1997, c 356, §1; am L 1999, c 252, §2; am L 2000, c 98, §1; am L 2001, c 203, §2; am L 2003, c 151, §§1, 2; am L 2008, c 119, §3; am L 2010, c 123, §1; am L 2011, c 73, §1; am L 2012, c 29, §1; am L 2013, c 48, §1; am L 2014, c 54, §1; am L 2015, c 195, §1; am L 2016, c 218, §§2, 3; am L 2017, c 155, §1; am L 2018, c 190, §1; am L 2020, c 27, §2 and c 70, §48; am L 2021, c 233, §1; am L 2022, c 106, §1; am L 2023, c 162, §1; am L 2025, c 107, §1] Case Notes Proscription of distribution of lysergic acid “diethylamine” under this section (1974) cannot be extended by analogy under §701-104 to distribution of lysergic acid diethylamide. 61 H. 74, 595 P.2d 288 (1979). 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Instrument

Schedule I, hallucinogenic substances

Source

https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol06_Ch0321-0344/HRS0329/HRS_0329-0014.htm

Retrieved

2026-11-06

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(d)  Hallucinogenic substances.  Unless
specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material,
compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any quantity of the following
hallucinogenic substances, including their salts, isomers, and salts of
isomers, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of isomers
is possible within the specific chemical designation:

     (1)  Alpha-ethyltryptamine (AET);

     (2)  2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET);

     (3)  2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA);

     (4)  3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine;

     (5)  3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA);

     (6)  N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
(N-hydroxy-MDA);

     (7)  3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDE);

     (8)  5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine;

     (9)  4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine
(4-bromo-2,5-DMA);

    (10)  4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (Nexus);

    (11)  3,4,5-trimethoxy amphetamine;

    (12)  Bufotenine;

    (13)  4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA);

    (14)  Diethyltryptamine;

    (15)  Dimethyltryptamine;

    (16)  4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine;

    (17)  Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) (some other names
include gamma hydroxybutyric acid; 4-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybutanoic acid;
sodium oxybate; sodium oxybutyrate);

    (18)  Ibogaine;

    (19)  Lysergic acid diethylamide;

    (20)  Marijuana;

    (21)  Parahexyl;

    (22)  Mescaline;

    (23)  Peyote;

    (24)  N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate;

    (25)  N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate;

    (26)  Psilocybin;

    (27)  Psilocyn;

    (28)  1-[1-(2-Thienyl) cyclohexyl] Pyrrolidine (TCPy);

    (29)  Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine (PCE);

    (30)  Pyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine (PCPy, PHP);

    (31)  Thiophene analog of phencyclidine (TPCP; TCP);

    (32)  Gamma-butyrolactone, including butyrolactone;
butyrolactone gamma; 4-butyrolactone; 2(3H)-furanone dihydro;
dihydro-2(3H)furanone; tetrahydro-2-furanone; 1,2-butanolide; 1,4-butanolide;
4-butanolide; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone; 3-hydroxybutyric acid lactone
and 4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone with Chemical Abstract Service number
96-48-0 when any such substance is intended for human ingestion;

    (33)  1,4 butanediol, including butanediol;
butane-1,4-diol; 1,4- butylenes glycol; butylene glycol; 1,4-dihydroxybutane;
1,4- tetramethylene glycol; tetramethylene glycol; tetramethylene 1,4- diol
with Chemical Abstract Service number 110-63-4 when any such substance is
intended for human ingestion;

    (34)  2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine
(2C-T-7), its optical isomers, salts, and salts of isomers;

    (35)  N-benzylpiperazine (BZP; 1-benzylpiperazine), its
optical isomers, salts, and salts of isomers;

    (36)  1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP),
its optical isomers, salts, and salts of isomers;

    (37)  Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT);

    (38)  5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT);

    (39)  Salvia divinorum;

    (40)  Salvinorin A;

    (41)  Divinorin A;

    (42)  5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (some trade or
other names:  5-methoxy-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole; 5-MeO-DMT);

    (43)  2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-E);

    (44)  2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanamine
(2C-D);

    (45)  2-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine
(2C-C);

    (46)  2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-I);

    (47)  2-[4-(Ethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine
(2C-T-2);

    (48)  2-[4-(Isopropylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine
(2C-T-4);

    (49)  2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-H);

    (50)  2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)ethanamine
(2C-N);

    (51)  2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylphenyl)ethanamine
(2C-P);

    (52)  2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine,
its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers
(Other names:  25I-NBOMe; 2C-I-NBOMe; 25I; Cimbi-5);

    (53)  2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine,
its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers
(Other names:  25C-NBOMe; 2C-C-NBOMe; 25C; Cimbi-82);

    (54)  2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine,
its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers
(Other names:  25B-NBOMe; 2C-B-NBOMe; 25B; Cimbi-36);

    (55)  N-ethylhexedrone, its optical, positional, and
geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 
[alpha]-ethylaminohexanophenone; 2-(ethylamino)-1-phenylhexan-1-one);

    (56)  Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone, its optical,
positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 
[alpha]-PHP; [alpha]-pyrrolidinohexanophenone;
1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one);

    (57)  4-methyl-alpha-ethylaminopentiophenone, its
optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other
names:  4-MEAP; 2-(ethylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)pentan-1-one);

    (58)  4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone, its
optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other
names:  MPHP; 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone;
1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one);

    (59)  Alpha-pyrrolidinoheptaphenone, its optical,
positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other names: 
PV8; 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)heptan-1-one);

    (60)  4'-chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, its
optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers (Other
names:  4-chloro-[alpha]-PVP; 4'-chloro-[alpha]-pyrrolidinopentiophenone;
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one);

    (61)  2-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one
(methoxetamine, MXE);

    (62)  Eutylone
(1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)butan-1-one) (Other name:  bk-EBDB);

    (63)  Zipeprol
(1-methoxy-3-[4-(2-methoxy-2-phenylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-phenylpropan-2-ol),
including its isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters and
ethers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is
possible within the specific chemical designation;

    (64)  (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone
(UR-144);

    (65)
  [1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-1
H
-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone
(5-fluoro-UR-144, XLR11);

    (66) 
N
-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1
H
-indazole-3-carboxamide
(Other name:  ADB-FUBINACA);

    (67)  Methyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1
H
-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
(Other names:  MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMINACA);

    (68)  Methyl
2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (Other
name:  MDMB-FUBINACA); and

    (69)  N-ethylpentylone (Other names:  ephylone,
1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one).