Is Delta-9 THC (hemp-derived) Legal in District of Columbia? (2026)

Instrument

D.C. Code 48-901.02(3)

Source

https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/48-901.02

Retrieved

2026-10-08

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(3) “Cannabis” means all parts of the plant genus Cannabis, including both marijuana and hashish defined as follows: (A) “Marijuana” includes the leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds of all species of the plant genus Cannabis, whether growing or not. The term “marijuana” does not include the resin extracted from any part of the plant, nor any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation from the resin, including hashish and does not include the mature stalks of the plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil, or cake made from the seeds of the plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation of the mature stalks, fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of the plant which is incapable of germination. (B) “Hashish” includes the resin extracted from any part of the plant genus Cannabis, and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation from such resin.

Instrument

D.C. Code 48-901.02(3); 7-1671.06

Source

https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/48-901.02

Retrieved

2026-10-07

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48-901.02(3) "Cannabis" means all parts of the plant genus Cannabis, including both marijuana and hashish defined as follows: (A) "Marijuana" includes the leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds of all species of the plant genus Cannabis, whether growing or not. [The term] "marijuana" does not include the resin extracted from any part of the plant, nor any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation from the resin, including hashish [...] the mature stalks of the plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil, or cake [...] the sterilized seed of the plant which is incapable of germination. [No hemp or industrial hemp definition or 0.3% threshold appears.] 7-1671.06 [Patients] "may only obtain medical cannabis and paraphernalia from a licensed retailer or internet retailer." [Bracketed spans summarized.]

Instrument

D.C. Code 7-1721.08(a)(2); D.C. Code 7-741.01(1)

Source

https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/7-1721.08

Retrieved

2026-10-07

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D.C. Code 7-1721.08(a): No person shall sell, offer for sale, receive for sale, distribute, purchase, or facilitate the sale of: (1) A flavored tobacco product; or (2) An electronic smoking device within one quarter mile of any middle or high school in the District. [Remainder summarized by fetch tool: rebuttable presumption of flavoring from manufacturer statements or packaging; license suspension after first or second violation and revocation after third; violations are unfair trade practices enforceable by the Attorney General; hookah on-site exception for establishments operating as of September 30, 2021.] Effective via D.C. Law 24-25; ban effective October 1, 2022 per DLCP. D.C. Code 7-741.01(1): "Electronic smoking device" means any product, including one composed of a heating element, battery, or electronic circuit, that contains or delivers nicotine or any other substance intended for human consumption that can be used by a person to simulate smoking through inhalation of vapor or aerosol from the product. D.C. Code 7-1721.01: "Flavored tobacco product" means any tobacco product or synthetic nicotine product that imparts a characterizing flavor. "Tobacco product" means any product that is made from or derived from tobacco and is intended for human consumption or is likely to be consumed, whether smoked, heated, chewed, absorbed, dissolved, inhaled, or ingested by any other means, including through a cigarette, a cigar, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff, snus, smokeless tobacco, or an electronic smoking device. "Electronic smoking device" shall have the same meaning as provided in 7-741.01(1). D.C. Code 7-1721.02(a): No person shall sell, give, or furnish any tobacco product to, or purchase any tobacco product on behalf of, any person under 21 years of age.

Instrument

Definitions -- 'Cannabis'

Source

https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/48-901.02

Retrieved

2026-07-19

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(3) "Cannabis" means all parts of the plant genus Cannabis, including both marijuana and hashish defined as follows:

(A) "Marijuana" includes the leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds of all species of the plant genus Cannabis, whether growing or not. The term "marijuana" does not include the resin extracted from any part of the plant, nor any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation from the resin, including hashish and does not include the mature stalks of the plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil, or cake made from the seeds of the plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation of the mature stalks, fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of the plant which is incapable of germination.

(B) "Hashish" includes the resin extracted from any part of the plant genus Cannabis, and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation from such resin.

Instrument

Controlled Substances -- Schedule I -- Synthetic cannabimimetic agents (also known as synthetic cannabinoids)

Source

https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/48-902.04

Retrieved

2026-07-02

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(6) Synthetic cannabimimetic agents (also known as "synthetic cannabinoids"), which includes, unless specifically exempted, unless listed in another schedule, or unless approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a drug, any material, mixture, preparation, any compound structurally derived from, or that contains any quantity of the following synthetic substances, its salts, isomers, homologues, analogues and salts of isomers, homologues, and analogues, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers, homologues, analogues, and salts of isomers, homologues, and analogues is possible within the specific chemical designation:

(A) Classified Synthetic Cannabimimetic Agents:

(i) Adamantanoylindoles: Any compound containing or structurally derived from an adamantanyl-(1H-indol-3-yl)methanone structure with or without substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3- morpholinyl)methyl, (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl, 1-methylazepanyl, phenyl, or halophenyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the adamantyl ring to any extent. Examples include:

(I) AB-001, also known as:

(aa) (1s,3s)-adamantan-1-yl(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone; or

(bb) JWH 018 adamantyl analog; and

(II) AM-1248, also known as:

(aa) [1-[(1-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl]tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-yl-methanone; or

(bb) AM1248;

(ii) Benzimidazole Ketone: Any compound containing or structurally derived from (benzimidazole-2-yl) methanone structure with or without substitution at either nitrogen atom of the benzimidazole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl, 1-methylazepanyl, phenyl, or halophenyl group, with substitution at the carbon of the methanone group by an adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, benzyl, quinolinyl, cycloalkyl, 1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-amino-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-methoxy-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl or pyrrole group, and whether or not further substituted in the benzimidazole, adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, pyrrole, quinolinyl, or cycloalkyl rings to any extent. Benzimidazole Ketones include:

(I) FUBIMINA, also known as:

(aa) (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone; or

(bb) AM2201 benzimidazole analog; and

(II) JWH-018 benzimidazole analog, also known as:

(aa) naphthalen-1-yl(1-pentyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanone; or

(bb) BIM-018;

(iii) Benzoylindoles: Any compound containing or structurally derived from a 3-(benzoyl)indole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring with alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, or 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent. Examples include:

(I) AM-630, also known as:

(aa) [6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)-methanone;

(bb) AM630; or

(cc) Iodopravadoline ;

(II) AM-661 (also known as 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidine)methyl-2-methyl-3-(2-iodo)benzoylindole);

(III) AM-679, also known as:

(aa) (2-iodophenyl)(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone; or

(bb) AM679;

(IV) AM-694, also known as:

(aa) [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2-iodophenyl)-methanone;

(bb) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole; or

(cc) AM694;

(V) AM-1241, also known as:

(aa) (2-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)-(1-(1-methylpiperidin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone; or

(bb) AM1241;

(VI) AM-2233, also known as:

(aa) (2-iodophenyl)[1-[(1-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanone; or

(bb) AM2233;

(VII) RCS-4, also known as:

(aa) (4-methoxyphenyl)(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone; or

(bb) SR-19; and

(VIII) WIN 48,098, also known as

(aa) (4-methoxyphenyl)[2-methyl]-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanone; or

(bb) "Pravadoline";

(iv) Carbazole Ketone: Any compound containing or structurally derived from (9H-carbazole-3-yl) methanone structure with or without substitution at the nitrogen atom of the carbazole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl, 1-methylazepanyl, phenyl, or halophenyl group with substitution at the carbon of the methanone group by an adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, benzyl, quinolinyl, cycloalkyl, 1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-amino-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-methoxy-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl or pyrrole group, and whether or not further substituted at the carbazole, adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, pyrrole, quinolinyl, or cycloalkyl rings to any extent. Examples include EG-018 (also known as naphthalen-1-yl(9-pentyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methanone);

(v) Indazole Amide: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 3-carboxamide-lH-indazoles, whether or not substituted in the indazole ring to any extent and substituted to any degree on the carboxamide nitrogen and 3-carboxamide-1H-indoles, whether or not substituted in the indole ring to any extent and substituted to any degree on the carboxamide nitrogen. Examples include:

(I) AB-CHMINACA (also known as N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide);

(II) AB-FUBINACA (also known as N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide);

(III) AB-PINACA (also known as N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide);

(IV) 5F AB-PINACA, also known as:

(aa) N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide); or

(bb) 5-fluoro AB-PINACA;

(V) ADB-FUBINACA (also known as N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1-H-indazole-3-carboxamide);

(VI) ADB-PINACA (also known as N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-l-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide);

(VII) 5F ADB-PINACA, also known as:

(aa) N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide); or

(bb) 5-fluoro ADB-PINACA;

(VIII) FUB-AMB, also known as:

(aa) methyl (1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl)-L-valinate;

(bb) AMB-FUBINACA; or

(cc) MMB-FUBINACA;

(IX) 5-fluoro-AMB (also known as (S)-methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-lH-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate);

(X) MAB-CHMINACA (also known as N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide );

(XI) MMB CHMINACA, also known as:

(aa) methyl (S)-2-(l-(cyclohexylmethyl)-IH-indole-3-carboxamido )-3,3-dimethylbutanoate; or

(bb) MDMB-CHMICA;

(XII) 5F MN-18, also known as:

(aa) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-1-naphthalenyl-IH-indazole-3-carboxamide; or

(bb) 5-fluoro MN-18;

(XIII) 5F-APINACA, also known as:

(aa) 5-fluoro-APINACA

(bb) 5F-AKB-48;

(cc) 5F-AKB48;

(dd) N-((3s,5s,7s)-adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide; or

(ee) N-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide); and

(XIV) APINACA, also known as:

(aa) AKB-48;

(bb) AKB48;

(cc) 1-pentyl-N-tricyclo[3.3.l .13,7]dec-1-yl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide; or

(dd) N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-lH-indazole-3-carboxamide;

(vi) Cyclohexylphenols: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol by substitution at the 5-position of the phenolic ring by alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, or 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl group, whether or not further substituted in the cyclohexyl ring to any extent. Examples include:

(I) CP 47,497 (also known as 2-[(1S,3R)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol);

(II) CP 47,497 C8 homologue, also known as:

(aa) rel-2-[(1S,3R)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-5-(2-methylnonan-2-yl)phenol; or

(bb) Cannabicyclohexanol;

(III) CP 55,490;

(IV) CP 55,940 (also known as 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-[(1R,2R,5R)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl]-phenol); and

(V) CP 56,667;

(vii) Cyclopropanoylindoles: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 3-(cyclopropylmethanoyl)indole, 3-(cyclopropylmethanone)indole, 3-(cyclobutylmethanone)indole or 3-(cyclopentylmethanone)indole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent, and whether or not substituted on the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl rings to any extent. Cyclopropanoylindoles include cyclopropylmethanone indoles, as well as other cycloalkanemethanones, whether or not substituted at the nitrogen atom on the indole ring, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent, and whether or not substituted on the cycloalkane ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include:

(I) A-796,260, also known as:

(aa) [1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-methanone; or

(bb) A-796260;

(II) A-834,735, also known as:

(aa) [1-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-methanone; or

(bb) A-834735;

(III) AB-034 (also known as [1-[(N-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl]-1H-indole-3-yl]-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone);

(IV) UR-144 (also known as 1-pentyl-3-(2, 2, 3, 3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole);

(V) 5-bromo-UR-144, also known as:

(aa) [1-(5-bromopentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-methanone; or

(bb) UR-144 N-(5-bromopentyl) analog;

(VI) 5-chloro-UR-144, also known as:

(aa) 1-(5-chloropentyl)-3-(2, 2, 3, 3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole; or

(bb) 5Cl-UR-144;

(VII) XLR11, also known as:

(aa) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(2,2,3, 3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole;

(bb) 5-FUR-144; or

(cc) 5-fluoro UR-144; and

(VIII) FUB-144 (also known as [1-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-lH-indol-3-yl](2,2,3 ,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone);

(viii) Hexahydrodibenzopyrans: Any compound containing or structurally derived from Hexahydrodibenzopyrans, whether or not substituted in the tricyclic ring system, except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin;

(ix) Indazole Ester (also known as Carboxylate indazole): Any compound containing or structurally derived from 3-carboxylate-indazoles, whether or not substituted in the indazole ring to any extent or substituted to any degree on the carboxylate, whether or not substituted to any extent in the indazole ring or on the carboxylate oxygen. Examples of indazole esters include 5-fluoro SDB-005, also known as:

(I) naphthalen-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate; or

(II) 5F SDB-005;

(x) Indole Amides: Any compound containing or structurally derived from or containing a 1H-Indole-3-carboxamide structure with or without substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3- morpholinyl)methyl, (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl, 1-methylazepanyl, phenyl, or halophenyl group, whether or not substituted at the carboxamide group by an adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, benzyl, quinolinyl, cycloalkyl, 1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-amino-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-methoxy-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl or pyrrole group and whether or not further substituted in the indole, adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, pyrrole, quninolinyl, or cycloalkyl rings to any extent. Indole amides include:

(I) Adamantylamidoindoles, or any compound containing or structurally derived from an N-(adamantyl)-indole-3-carboxamide structure, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the adamantyl ring to any extent;

(II) Adamantylindoles, or any compound containing or structurally derived from an N-(adamantyl)-indole-3-carboxamide with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent, and whether or not substituted on the adamantyl ring to any extent;

(III) 5F ABICA, also known as:

(aa) (S)-N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;

(bb) N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide; or

(cc) 5-fluoro ABICA;

(IV) ADBICA (also known as N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide));

(V) 5F-ADBICA, also known as:

(aa) N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide; or

(bb) 5-fluoro-ADBICA;

(VI) NNE1 (also known as N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide);

(VII) 5F-NNE1, also known as:

(aa) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(naphthalene-1-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide); or

(bb) 5-fluoro-NNE1;

(VIII) SDB-006 (also known as N-benzyl-1-pentyl-1H- indole-3-carboxamide);

(IX) 5F-SDB-006, also known as:

(aa) N-benzyl-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide); or

(bb) 5-fluoro-SDB-006;

(X) 2NE 1, also known as:

(aa) APICA;

(bb) JWH 018 adamantyl carboxamide; or

(cc) 1-pentyl-N-tricyclo[3.3. l .13, 7]dec-1-yl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide;

(XI) STS-135, also known as:

(aa) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-tricyclo[3.3. l. l 3, 7]dec-1-yl-l H-indole-3-carboxamide;

(bb) N-adamantyl-l-fluoropentylindole-3-Carboxamide;

(cc) 5F-APICA; or

(dd) 5-fluoro-APICA;

(XII) SDB-006 (also known as N-benzyl-1-pentyl-lH-indole-3-carboxamide); and

(XIII) 5-fluoro-MDMB-PICA (also known as N-[[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]carbonyl]-3-methyl-L-valine, methyl ester);

(xi) Indole Esters: Any compound containing or structurally derived from a 1H-Indole-3-carboxylate structure with or without substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl, 1-methylazepanyl, phenyl, or halophenyl group, whether or not substituted at the carboxylate group by an adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, benzyl, quinolinyl, cycloalkyl, 1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-amino-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, 1-methoxy-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl or pyrrole group and whether or not further substituted in the indole, adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, pyrrole, quinolinyl, or cycloalkyl rings to any extent. Indole esters may also be referred to as Quinolinylindolecarboxylates. Indole esters include:

(I) Quinolinyl ester indoles, or any compound containing or structurally derived from Quinolinyl ester indoles, being any compound containing or structurally derived from 1H-indole-3carboxylic acid-8-quinolinyl ester, whether or not substituted in the indole ring to any extent or the quinolone ring to any extent;

(II) BB-22, also known as:

(aa) 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid;

(bb) quinolin-8-yl 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate; or

(cc) QUCHIC;

(III) FDU-PB-22 (also known as naphthalen-1-yl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate);

(IV) FUB-PB-22, also known as:

(aa) 1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid, 8-quinolinyl ester; or

(bb) Quinolin-8-yl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate;

(V) NM2201, also known as:

(aa) naphthalen-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate; or

(bb) CBL-2201;

(VI) PB-22, also known as:

(aa) 1-pentyl-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid;

(bb) quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate;

(cc) 8-Quinolinyl 1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate; or

(dd) "QUPIC"; and

(VII) 5F-PB-22, also known as:

(aa) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid;

(bb) quinolin-8-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate;

(cc) 8-Quinolinyl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate;

(dd) 5-fluoro-PB-22; or

(ee) 5-fluoro QUPIC;

(xii) Naphthoylindoles: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole or 1H-indol-3-yl-(1-naphthyl)methane by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl group, whether or not further substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent, including the following: AM-678, AM-1220, AM-1221, AM-1235, AM-2232, EAM-2201, JWH-004, JWH-007, JWH-009, JWH-011, JWH-015, JWH-016, JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-020, JWH-022, JWH-046, JWH-047, JWH-048, JWH-049, JWH-050, JWH-070, JWH-071, JWH-072, JWH-073, JWH-076, JWH-079, JWH-080, JWH-081, JWH-082, JWH-094, JWH-096, JWH-098, JWH-116, JWH-120, JWH-122, JWH-148, JWH-149, JWH-164, JWH-166, JWH-180, JWH-181, JWH-182, JWH-189, JWH-193, JWH-198, JWH-200, JWH-210, JWH-211, JWH-212, JWH-213, JWH-234, JWH-235, JWH-236, JWH-239, JWH-240, JWH-241, JWH-242, JWH-258, JWH-262, JWH-386, JWH-387, JWH-394, JWH-395, JWH-397, JWH-398, JWH-399, JWH-400, JWH-412, JWH-413, JWH-414, JWH-415, JWH-424, MAM-2201, WIN 55-212. Napthoylindoles also include:

(I) AM-2201 (also known as (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole); and

(II) WIN 55,212-2, also known as:

(aa) (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-napthalenylmethanone; or

(bb) [2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-napthalenylmethanone;

(xiii) Naphthoylnaphthalenes: Any compound containing or structurally derived from naphthalene-1-yl-(naphthalene-1-yl) methanone with substitutions on either of the naphthalene rings to any extent. Naphthoylnaphthalenes include CB-13 (also known as CRA-13 or 1-naphthalenyl[4-(pentylox)-1-naphthalenyl]-methanone);

(xiv) Naphthoylpyrroles: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring by alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, or 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl group, whether or not further substituted in the pyrrole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent, including the following: JWH-030, JWH-031, JWH-145, JWH-146, JWH-147, JWH-150, JWH-156, JWH-243, JWH-244, JWH-245, JWH-246, JWH-292, JWH-293, JWH-307, JWH-308, JWH-309, JWH-346, JWH-348, JWH-363, JWH-364, JWH-365, JWH-367, JWH-368, JWH-369, JWH-370, JWH-371, JWH-373, JWH-392;

(xv) Naphthylamidoindoles: Any compound containing or structurally derived from a N-(naphthyl)-indole-3-carboxamide structure, whether or not further substituted to any extent in the indole ring or in the naphthyl ring;

(xvi) Naphthylmethyl Indoles: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 1H-indol-3-yl-(1-naphthyl)methane structure, also known as napthylmethylindoles, with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2- (4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, or 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, l-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include:

(I) JWH-175 (also known as 3-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-1-pentyl-1 H-indole );

(II) JWH-184 (also known as 3-[(4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)methyl)-1-pentyl-l H-indole);

(III) JWH-185 (also known as 3-[(4-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)methyl]-1 -pentyl-1 H-indole);

(IV) JWH-192 (also known as (1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)indol-3-yl)-4-methylnaphthalen-1-ylmethane);

(V) JWH-194 (also known as 2-methyl-1-pentyl-lH-indol-3-yl-( 4-methyl-1-naphthyl)methane);

(VI) JWH-195 (also known as (1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)indol-3-yl)-naphthalen-1-ylmethane);

(VII) JWH-196 (also known as 2-methyl-3-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-1-pentyl-lH-Indole);

(VIII) JWH-197 (also known as 2-methyl-l-pentyl-lH-indol-3-yl-( 4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)methane); and

(IX) JWH-199 (also known as (1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)indol-3-yl)-4-methoxynaphthalen-1-ylmethane);

(xvii) Naphthylmethylindenes: Any compound containing or structurally derived from a naphthylideneindene structure or that is structurally derived from 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)indene with substitution at the 3-position of the indene ring by alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-( 4-morpholinyl)ethyl, or 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indene ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples include:

(I) JWH-171;

(II) JWH-176 (also known as 1-[(E)-(3-pentyl-1 H-inden-1-ylidene)methyl]-naphthalene); and

(III) JWH-220;

(xviii) Phenylacetylindoles: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 3-phenylacetylindole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring with alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, or 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent, including: JWH-167, JWH-201, JWH-202, JWH-203, JWH-204, JWH-205, JWH-206, JWH-207, JWH-208, JWH-209, JWH-237, JWH-248, JWH-249, JWH-250, JWH-251, JWH-253, JWH-302, JWH-303, JWH-304, JWH-305, JWH-306, JWH-311, JWH-312, JWH-313, JWH-314, JWH-315, JWH-316, RCS-8, SR-18, and Cannabipiperidiethanone (also known as 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-[1-[(1-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl]-ethanone);

(xix) Quinolinoyl pyrazole: Any compound containing or structurally derived from Quinolinoyl pyrazole carboxylate (also known as Quinolinyl fluoropentyl fluorophenyl pyrazole carboxylate);

(xx) Tetrahydrobenzochromen: Any compound containing or structurally derived from (6aR,10aR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6, 6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol. Includes tetrahydrodibenzopyrans, or any compound containing or structurally derived from tetrahydrodibenzopyrans, whether or not substituted in the tricyclic ring system, but does not include tetrahydrodibenzopyrans that are contained in cannabis or cannabis resin. Examples of this structural class include:

(I) AM-087 (also known as (6aR,10aR)-3-(2-methyl-6-bromohex-2-yl)- 6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol);

(II) AM-411 (also known as (6aR,10aR)-3-(1-adamantyl)-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol);

(III) HU-210, also known as:

(aa) 3-(1,1'-dimethylheptyl)-6aR,7,10,10aR-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-9-methanol;

(bb) [(6aR,10aR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a- tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol;

(cc) 1,1-Dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol; or

(dd) 1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxy-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol;

(IV) HU-211, also known as:

(aa) 3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-6aS,7,10,10aS-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-9-methanol;

(bb) (6aS,10aS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol;

(cc) (6aS,10aS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol; or

(dd) "Dexanabinol";

(V) HU-243, also known as

(aa) (6aR,8S,9S,10aR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-8,9-ditritio-7,8,10,10a-tetrahydro-6aH-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol; or

(bb) 3-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol;

(VI) JWH-051 (also known as (6aR,10aR)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-9-yl)methanol);

(VII) JWH-133 (also known as (6aR,10aR)-3-(1,1-Dimethylbutyl) -6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran); and

(VIII) JWH-359 (also known as (6aR,10aR)- 1-methoxy-6,6,9-trimethyl- 3-[(2R)-1,1,2-trimethylbutyl]- 6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromene);

(xxi) Delta8 Tetrahydrocannabinol: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 11-hydroxy-Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol structure, also known as dibenzopyrans, with further substitution on the 3-pentyl group by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkyethyl, 1-(n-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group;

(xxii) Tetramethylcyclopropane-thiazole carboxamides: Any compound containing or structurally derived from 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-N-(thiazol-2-ylidene)cyclopropanecarboxamide by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the thiazole ring by alkyl, haloalkyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkoxy, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, (N-methylpiperidin-2-yl)alkyl, (4-tetrahydropyran)alkyl, or 2- (4-morpholinyl)alkyl, whether or not further substituted in the thiazole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the tetramethylcyclopropyl ring to any extent, including the group Tetramethylcyclopropyl thiazoles, or any compound containing or structurally derived from 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-N-(thiazol- 2-ylidene)cyclopropanecarboxamide by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the thiazole ring, whether or not further substituted in the thiazole ring to any extent, whether or not substituted in the tetramethylcyclopropyl ring to any extent. Tetramethylcyclopropane-thiazole carboxamides also include A-836,339, also known as:

(I) [N(Z)]-N-[3-(2-methoxyethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-thiazolylidene]-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarboxamide;

(II) N-[3-(2-Methoxyethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxamide: and

(III) A-836339;

(xxiii) Benzodihydropyrans: Any compound containing or structurally derived from benzodihydropyrans, by substitution on the benzyl ring by hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, alkene, haloalkene, cycloalkane, or by substitution on the pyran ring by alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkene, or cycloalkoxy group to any extent. Examples of this structural class include:

(I) AM-855 (also known as (4aR,12bR)-8-hexyl-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,4,4a,8,9, 10,11,12b-octahydronaphtho[3,2-c]isochromen-l 2-ol);

(II) AM-905 (also known as (6aR,9R, l0aR)-3-[(E)-hept-1-enyl]-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-6a, 7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol);

(III) AM-906 (also known as (6aR,9R,10aR)-3-[(Z)-hept-1-enyl]-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-6a, 7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol);

(IV) AM-2389 (also known as (6aR,9R,10aR)-3-(l-hexylcyclobut-l-yl)-6a, 7,8,9,10,1Oa-hexahydro-6,6-dimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d)pyran-1,9 diol);and

(V) JWH-057 (also known as (6aR,10aR)-3-(1,l-dimethylheptyl)-6a, 7, 10, 10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-Dibenzo[b,d]pyran); and

(xxiv) Benzimidazole Ketone: Any compound containing or structurally derived from [IH-indazol-3-yl](l-naphthyl)methanone structure with or without substitution at either nitrogen atom of the indazole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, halobenzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, l-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, l-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, (tetrahydropyran-4-yl)methyl, 1-methylazepanyl, phenyl, or halophenyl group, with substitution at the carbon of the methanone group by an adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, benzyl, quinolinyl, cycloalkyl, l-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, l-amino-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, l-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl, l-methoxy-3, 3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl or pyrrole group, and whether or not further substituted in the benzimidazole, adamantyl, naphthyl, phenyl, pyrrole, quinolinyl, or cycloalkyl rings to any extent. Examples of this structural class include:

(I) THJ-2201 (also known as [l-(5-Fluoropentyl)-lH-indazol-3-yl](l-naphthyl)methanone); and

(II) THJ-018 (also known as l-naphthalenyl(l-pentyl-IH-indazol-3-yl)-methanone);

(B) Unclassified Synthetic Cannabimimetic Agents:

(i) AM-356, also known as:

(I) AM356;

(II) arachidonyl-1'-hydroxy-2'-propylamide;

(III) N-(2-hydroxy-1R-methylethyl)-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenamide;

(IV) (R)-(+)-Arachidonyl-1'-Hydroxy-2'-Propylamide;

(V) Methanandamide; or

(VI) R-1 Methanandamide;

(ii) BAY38-7271 (also known as (-)-(R)-3-(2-Hydroxymethylindanyl -4-oxy) phenyl-4,4,4-trifluorobutyl-1-sulfonate);

(iii) CP 50,556-1, also known as:

(I) 9-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[5-phenylpentan-2-yl]oxy-5,6, 6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthridin-1-yl]acetate;

(II) [(6S,6aR,9R,10aR)-9-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2R)-5- phenylpentan-2-yl]oxy-5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-; octahydrophenanthridin-1-yl] acetate;

(III) [9-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[5-phenylpentan-2-yl]oxy-5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthridin-1-yl]acetate; or

(IV) "Levonantradol";

(iv) HU-308 (also known as (91R,2R,5R)-2-[2,6-dimethoxy-4- (2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl]-7,7-dimethyl-4-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-enyl]methanol);

(v) HU-331 (also known as 3-hydroxy-2-[(1R,6R)-3-methyl-6- (1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione);

(vi) JTE-907 (also known as N-(benzol[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl) -7-methoxy-2-oxo-8-pentyloxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide);

(vii) Mepirapim (also known as (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl) Methanone);

(viii) URB597 (also known as [3-(3-carbamoylphenyl)phenyl] -N-Cyclohexylcarbamate);

(ix) URB602, also known as:

(I) [1,1'-Biphenyl]-3-yl-carbamic acid, cyclohexyl ester; or

(II) cyclohexyl [1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ylcarbamate;

(x) URB754 (also known as 6-methyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl)amino] -4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one); and

(xi) URB937 (also known as 3'-carbamoyl-6-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl Cyclohexylcarbamate).